Permissible Use (Moderation)

Theme Focus
39 verses

Original Language

οἶνοςOinosG3631Greek (NT)

Wine; the standard Greek word for fermented grape wine.

Used 33 times in the NT. This is the word used for the wine at the wedding of Cana (John 2), the wine of the Last Supper (implied), and the wine Paul recommends to Timothy (1 Timothy 5:23). It is also used in warnings: 'be not drunk with wine (oinos)' (Ephesians 5:18). The same Greek word covers both positive and negative contexts, just like the Hebrew yayin.

יַיִןYayinH3196Hebrew (OT)

Wine; fermented grape juice.

Used 141 times in the OT. This is the most common Hebrew word for wine. It can refer to both the positive (Psalm 104:15, 'wine that maketh glad the heart of man') and the negative (Proverbs 20:1, 'Wine is a mocker'). The same word is used in contexts of blessing AND warning, which is why the debate exists. Yayin is clearly fermented in most contexts based on its association with drunkenness, but some argue certain occurrences refer to unfermented juice.